Template controlled router with controlled hydraulic drive means



Nov. 25, 1969 R. A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS FiledJuly 10, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR Robet'i' A. Shuey W BY MXMWATTOR NE? S Nov. 25, 1969 R. A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTRQLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS 4Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed July 10, 1967 w m w W m llli K Pair ZNVENTOR RobenA. Shuey Nov. 25, 1969 R A. SHUEY 3,479,922

TEMPLETE CONTROLLED ROUTER WITH CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEANS FiledJuly 10, 1967 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 'NVENTOR Rober? A. Shuey 28 wy ms US. Cl.90-13 22 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An apparatus for shaping workpieces which includes a hand tool provided with a hydraulic motor andmeans for moving a cutting tool driven by the motor, the apparatushaving means for continuously varying the speed of rotation of thehydraulic motor operable by controls on the hand tool.

This invention relates to apparatus for working or shaping metal and thelike and more particularly to a hydraulically operable metal workingapparatus and to a hand tool usable in such apparatus.

An object of this invention is to provide a new and improved apparatusfor rotating a cutting, drilling or shaping tool at a set speed whichmay be varied continuously within a predetermined speed range.

Another object is to provide a new and improved apparatus which includesa movable platform on which are mounted a variable volume main hydraulicpump and the drive and control means therefor, a hydraulic motorconnected in a closed hydraulic system with the pump by means whichinclude flexible conduit means so that the hydraulic motor is movablerelative to the pump, and a hand tool secured to the motor for guiding acutting or shaping tool driven by the motor relative to a work piece.

Still another object is to provide an apparatus of the type describedwhich includes an auxiliary pump driven by the same drive means as themain pump for removing leakage hydraulic fluid from the hydraulic motor.

A further object is to provide an apparatus of the type described whichhas means for delivering air under pressure to the hand tool to cool thecutting or shaping tool driven by the hydraulic motor and for blowingaway the cuttings or chips of the work piece removed by such cutting orshaping tool.

A still further object is to provide a new and improved control meansfor a variable volume pump having a control member which is movablebetween a neutral position wherein the hydraulic pump does not movefluid between its inlet and outlet and operative positions wherein thepump moves the hydraulic fluid between its inlet and outlet conduits,the rate of movement of the fluid varying in accordance with the degreeof displacement of the operator member from its neutral position.

A still further object is to provide a control means for the pump whichincludes a ram having a cylinder and a piston connected to the controlmember and movable by fluid under pressure admitted selectively toopposite ends of its cylinder for moving the control member of the pumpmotor.

Another object is to provide a control means for a variable volume pumpwherein the delivery of fluid under pressure to the cylinder iscontrolled by a four-way valve having electrically energizable means forselectively admitting fluid under pressure to opposite ends of thecylinder and exhausting fluid from opposite ends of the cylinder, andfor simultaneously introducing the fluid under pressure to both sides ofthe cylinder on opposite sides of the piston to hold the piston in anypredetermined position to which it has been moved.

Still another object is to provide an apparatus wherein F nited StatesPatent 31,479,922 Patented Nov. 25, 1969 'ice the electricallyenergizable control means for the cylinder comprise a pair of solenoidsselectively connectable to an electric current source by a three-wayswitch mounted on the hand tool.

A further object is to provide a new and improved hand tool having meansfor easily and quickly securing the hand tool to a hydraulic motor.

A still further object is to provide a hand tool having a tubular bodyin which a hydraulic motor is telescopical and having clamp means forreleasably securing the tubular body to the hand tool.

A still further object is to provide a hand tool wherein a base plate isreleasably securable to the tubular body, the plate having a centralaperture through which a shaping or cutting tool may extend.

Another object is to provide a hand tool wherein the tubular body and asleeve rotatably disposed thereabout are provided with alignableapertures for permitting access to the operative member of a Jacobschuck secured to the drive shaft of the hydraulic motor. i

Still another object is to provide a hand tool of the type describedhaving means for introducing gas under pressure into the hand tool formovement through the aperture past the cutting or shaping tool and tothe work piece being worked by such tool.

Still another object is to provide a hand tool of the type describedhaving an adaptor connectable to the plate and extending into itsaperture through which the cutting tool may extend, the adaptor having aguide surface extending downwardly of the plate and about the cutting orshaping tool for engaging a pattern or template for guiding the movementof the hand tool.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be readilyapparent from the reading of the following description of a deviceconstructed in accordance with the invention, and reference to theaccompanying drawings thereof, wherein:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view, with parts such as conduit means removedfor clarity of illustration, of the apparatus embodying the invention;

FIGURE 2 is another perspective view similar to FIG- URE 1 but takenfrom a different side of the apparatus;

FIGURE 3 is a vertical sectional view through the hand tool embodyingthe invention;

FIGURE 4 is a sectional view taken on line 4-4 of FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 5 is an exploded perspective view of the hand tool embodying theinvention;

FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing the leakage pump of theapparatus;

FIGURE 7 is a diagrammatic illustration of the hydraulic system of theapparatus;

FIGURE 8 is a diagrammatic illustration of the electrical control systemof the apparatus;

FIGURE 9 is a schematic fragmentary perspective view showing the mannerin which the hand tool is used in conjunction with a pattern or templateto shape or cut a work piece to a desired configuration; and,

FIGURE 10 is a vertical sectional view of another hand tool embodyingthe invention.

Referring now to the drawings, the apparatus 20 embodying the inventionincludes a mobile platform 21 which is supported by a plurality ofwheels 22 and on which is mounted the power drive means for operating ahydraulic motor 24 which in turn operates the hand tool 25 embodying theinvention. The hydraulic motor 24 may be of a commercially availabletype, such as the motor available under the name Baldrive Model 23-16-J33, and its output drive shaft has connected thereto a Jacobs chuck 27for holding a tool, such as a mill 28. The motor is provided with aninlet fitting 30 through winch a hydraulic fluid under pressure isdelivered to cause operation of the motor, an outlet fitting 31 throughwhich the hydraulic fluid is removed from the motor, an air inletfitting 32 through which air is drawn into the motor by an air movingmeans of the motor, not shown, and a hydraulic fluid leakage outletfitting 33 through which any hydraulic fluid which may leak from theoperative parts of the motor to a suitable passage or chamber in themotor housing is removed from such chamber. The speed of rotation of themotor drive shaft and the Jacobs chuck 27 varies in accordance with therate of delivery of the hydraulic power fluid to the inlet fitting 30.

The inlet fitting of the hydraulic motor 24 is connected to the outletconduit 35 of a variable volume main pump 36 whose rate of delivery ofthe hydraulic fluid to the motor may be varied by pivoting a controllever 37 of the pump. The pump may be of any suitable commerciallyavailable type, such as the variable volume pump available as Model No.C3L from the Industrial Fluid Power Division of Sta-Rite Industries,Inc., 1900 Clark Street, Racine, Wis. The rate, or volume per unit oftime, of delivery of the incompressible hydraulic fluid increases as thecontrol lever is pivoted in a clockwise manner, as seen in FIGURES 2 and7, from a neutral position wherein the pump does not move hydraulicfluid from its inlet conduit 38 to its outlet conduit 35.

The inlet fitting 30 of the motor is connected to the pump outletconduit 35 by a flexible hose or conduit 39 and suitable connectingmeans therefor, not shown. The

outlet fitting 31 of the motor is connected to the inlet conduit 38 ofthe main pump through a flexible conduit 41, a heat exchanger 42 inwhich the hydraulic fluid is cooled during its passage therethrough, anda conduit 43. A fan 45 driven by an electric motor 46 may be used tocirculate air past the heat exchanger to facilitate the cooling of thehydraulic fluid.

For proper operation of the hydraulic motor and the main pump, the fluidpressure in the closed hydraulic system which includes the pump and thehydraulic motor must be raised to a predetermined pressure, for example,400 pounds per square inch, before the initiation of operation of thepump and of the motor. The pressure in this system is raised andmaintained at this volume by a supercharge pump 50 whose inlet conduit51 extends into a tank or reservoir 52 of hydraulic fluid and opensthereto adjacent the bottom of such tank. The outlet conduit 54 of thesupercharge pump is connected to the conduits 35 and 38 of the main pumpand hydraulic motor system by means of suitable conduits 55, and 56 and57, respectively. A check valve 59 connected in the conduit 56 permitsflow of the hydraulic fluid through the conduit 56 to the conduit 35 andprevents flow in the reverse direction from the conduit 35 through theconduit 56. A similar check valve 60 connected in the conduit 57 permitsflow of hydraulic fluid from the conduit 55 to the conduit 43 butprevents reverse flow therethrough from the conduit 43 to the conduit55.

The supercharge pump outlet conduit 54 is also connected to anaccumulator 62 by a conduit 63. The upper portion of the accumulator isfilled with a compressible gas so that a supply or charge of thehydraulic fluid may be maintained in the accumulator under pressure.

The conduit 54 is also connected to an exhaust conduit 64 in which isconnected a pressure release or regulator valve 65 which opens when thepressure in the conduit 54 and the accumulator 62 exceeds apredetermined value, for example, 430 pounds per square inch, to permitsome of the hydraulic fluid to flow into the tank, the exhaust conduitextending into the tank. When the pressure drops below suchpredetermined value, the valve 65 closes.

Filtered air is drawn into the air inlet 32 of the motor through aflexible conduit 66 which extends into the tank and opens thereto abovethe top level of the hydraulic fluid the tank. Air is drawn into thetank through an air 4 filter cap 67 which closes the filler inlet 68 ofthe tank. The opening of the air conduit 66 into the tanks causesfiltered air to be supplied to the hydraulic motor and also causes anyhydraulic fluid which, due to some malfunction, may flow into the airconduit, to flow to the tank.

The hydraulic fluid leakage outlet fitting 33 is connected by a flexibleconduit 70 to the inlet 71 of a pump 72 whose outlet 73 is connected bya conduit 74 to the tanks. The conduit 74 preferably extends to alocation below the top level of the hydraulic fluid in the tank so thatthe fluid pumped by the pump 72 into the tank will not cause unduesplashing or agitation in the tank.

The pumps 36 and 72 are driven by a three phase electric current motor75. The drive shaft 76 of the electric motor is connected by a suitablecoupling 77 to the drive shaft 78 of the main pump 36. The pump 72,which may be of the type used as a fuel pump in automobiles, has anoperator lever 79 which is reciprocated by a circular cam 80eccentrically mounted on the drive shaft 76 of the electric motor. Thepump has means yieldably biasing the lever into engagement with the cam.It will be apparent that whenever the motor 75 is in operation both themain pump 35 and the pump 72 are in operation.

The operation of the motor 75 is controlled by a pressure switch 82which is connected to the conduit 55 and is responsive to thesupercharge pump outlet pressure. The contact 83 of the pressure switchis moved to open position when the outlet pressure drops below apredetermined value, for example, 250 pounds per square inch. and closeswhen this pressure rises to a predetermined value higher than the valueat which it closes, for example, 300 pounds per square inch. Thesupercharge pump is driven by an electric motor whose operation iscontrolled by the pressure switch 91 which is connected to the outletconduit 54 and whose contact 92 is moved to open position to causedeenergization of the motor 90 whenever the pressure in the accumulatorexceeds a predetermined value, e.g., 400 pounds per square inch.

The control lever 37 of the main pump 36 is pivotally connected at itslower end to the piston rod 101 of a pneumatic ram 102, the lower end ofthe lever extending between the arms 103 of a clevis 104 rigidly securedto the outer end of the piston rod and is pivotally connected thereto bya suitable pivot pin 105 which extends through aligned apertures in thearms and in the lever. The cylinder 106 of the pneumatic ram isconnected for pivotal movement relative to the base by a clevis 108rigidly secured to one end thereof between whose spaced arms 109 extendsthe lug 110 of a bracket 111 rigidly secured to the platform by means ofbolts 112. The clevis is pivotally secured to the lug 110 by means of apivot pin 114. It will be apparent that the cylinder may move pivotallyabout the axis of the pivot pin to accommodate the arcuate movement ofthe lower end of the control lever 37 as the piston rod is movedrelative to the cylinder.

Air may be introduced and exhausted from opposite ends of the cylinderon opposite sides of the piston 116 on the inner end of the piston rodby means of inlet fittings 117 and 118. The fittings 117 and 118 areconnected by flexible conduits 119 and 120 to the fittings 121 and 122,respectively, of a double solenoid valve 125 which may be operated tocause air under pressure supplied to its inlet fitting 126 to bedirected by the valve to either fitting of the cylinder while the otherfitting of the cylinder is vented through one or the other of theexhaust fittings 127 and 128 of the valve, or cause an under pressure tobe directed to both fittings of the valve. The operation of the valve isresponsive to the selective energization of its two solenoid windings130 and 131 as will be explained in greater detail below. The valve 125may be of any suitable commercially available type, such as the Four-WayDouble Solenoid valve available from the Versa Products Company, Inc.,of Inglewood, NJ.

When the control lever 37 is moved to its neutral position wherein themain pump does not move hydraulic fluid from its inlet conduit 38 to itsoutlet conduit, an operator member rigidly secured to the piston rod, asby a set screw 136, engages the operator arm 137 of a switch 138 to moveits switch contact 139 to open position and cause the motors 46 and 75to be deenergized, as will be explained below.

The motors, pumps and valves are mounted in any suitable manner on themovable platform 21. For example, the main pum motor 75 is secured tothe movable platform by bolts 140 and the assembly of the electric motor90 and the supercharge pump is rigidly mounted on the top housing 141 ofthe electric motor by means of bolts 142. The main pump 36 is rigidlysecured by bolts 144 to a vertical mount plate 145 which in turn isrigidly secured to the platform by bolts, welding or the like. The tankor reservoir 52 is rigidly mounted on legs 147a and 147]) whose footplates 148 are rigidly secured to the movable platform by bolts 149. Thefan motor 46 may be secured by a suitable clamp bracket 150 to asubstantially U-shaped bracket base 151 which is secured to the platformat its lower end by welding, bolts or the like. The pump 72 is securedby bolts 155 to the leg 147b, the lever 79 of the pump extending to thecam 80 through a suitable aperture in the leg 14717.

Compressed air under pressure for the operation of the air cylinder isprovided from any suitable external source by means of a flexibleconduit which is connected by a T coupling 161 and a conduit 162 to theinlet fitting 126 of the solenoid valve. A flexible conduit 164 alsoconnected to the T coupling 161 extends to the hand tool 25, as will beexplained below. The flexible conduits 39, 41, 66, 70 and 164 extend tothe hand tool through a suitable aperture of a base 171, rigidly securedto the platform by bolts 172, of a tubular post 174 to whose top end oneend of flexible sheath 175 is connected. A suitable spring 176 isconnected to the upper end of the post extends about at least a portionof the sheath 175 to yieldably hold a portion of the sheath connected tothe post in vertical position. The flexible conduits of course extendthrough the sheath.

A cabinet or housing 180 may also be mounted by means of a bracket orplate 182 on the movable platform. The various electrical components ofthe electric circuit may be mounted in this cabinet in any suitablemanner. The cabinet has a suitable access door, not shown. Electriccurrent to the electric input circuit 184 of the apparatus may beprovided by a suitable cable 185 which extends into the housing andwhose outer end is provided with a male plug 186 which is adapted to beplugged into a suitable outlet of an electric supply system. A threeWire cable 187 also extends from the housing 180 through the post 174and the flexible sheath to the hand tool and is provided at its lowerend with a female plug or socket 187 in which are receivable the threeprongs of a male plug 188 connected to a cable 189. The cable extends toa three way switch 190 mounted on the base plate 200 of the hand tool.

The base plate 200 of the hand tool is of substantially oblong shape andis provided with knob handles 201 whose shanks are threaded in bores 202of the base plate. The plate 200 has an annular downwardly openingrecess 204 about its central threaded bore 205 in which is received theannular flange 206 of a tubular adapter 207 whose upper portion 288 isthreaded in the bore 205. The adapter has a downwardly extending annularflange or extension 210 which provides a cylindrical guide surface 211which extends perpendicularly downwardly of the bottom surface of theplate and which is engageable with a guide edge or surface of a suitablepattern or template.

The base plate also has an upwardly opening annular recess 212 in whichis received the lower end of a tubular body 214 whose annular bottom endshoulder 215 rests on the upwardly facing surface 217 defining thebottom end of the recess 212 and which is secured to the base plate by aplurality of screws 220. The screws'extend through aligned apertures inthe flange 206 of the adapter and of the base plate into threadeddownwardly opening bores 221 of the tubular body. The body is providedwith a plurality of lateral apertures 223 which are closable by a sleeve225 rotatably disposed about the tubular body below its downwardlyfacing annular stop shoulder 226 and the top surface of the plate 200.The sleeve is provided with a plurality of apertures 228 which may bealigned with the apertures 223 of the sleeve to permit insertiontherethrough of the usual tool for operating the Jacobs chuck which hasteeth engageable with the downwardly facing gear teeth 229 of the Jacobschuck. The sleeve when rotated to a position wherein its ports are notin alignment with the apertures 223 of the tubular body prevents orlimits the flow of air from the chamber 230, defined by the body and thehousing of the hydraulic motor, through the apertures 223. Air underpressure which is introduced into this chamber through an inlet fitting233 threaded in a lateral bore 234 of the body flows from the chamberdownwardly, when the apertures are not in alignment, through the adapterand past the tool 25 and onto the work piece engaged by the tool. Theair blows chips and cuttings away from the work piece and also serves tocool the tool and the work piece. The flexible conduit 164 is connectedto the inlet fitting 233 to conduct air under pressure to the tubularbody.

The tubular body, and therefore the hand tool 25, is releasablysecurable to the housing of the hydraulic motor 24 by means on a clampring 240 disposed about the upper portion of the tubular body which isdivided into resilient collet fingers 244 by a plurality of upwardlyopening slots 245. The adjacent ends of the clamp ring are secured toone another by a bolt 247 which extends through an aperture 248 in oneof the ends of the ring into a threaded bore 249 in the other end sothat as the ends of the ring are drawn toward one another, the ring istightened about the collet fingers and holds them clamped against thehousing of the hydraulic motor.

Referring now particularly to FIGURE 8 of the drawings, which is adiagrammatic illustration of the electric circuit of the apparatus, theinput circuit 184 as previously mentioned may be connected by the cable185 to a source of electric current by means of its plug at any locationto which the mobile platform is moved. The input circuit has three mainlines or conductors 261, 262 and 263. The fan motor 46 and the main pumpmotor 75 are connectible across the main conductors 261, 262 and 263 bya contactor or relay 265 when its winding 266 is energized. Thecontactor has three contacts 268 which when in closed positions connectthe conductors 261, 262 and 263 to the conductors 271, 272 and 273,respectively, which are connected to the appropriate input terminals ofthe motor 75. The conductors 274, 275 and 276 connect the inputterminals of the motor 46 to the conductors 271, 272 and 273,respectively. The winding 266 is connectible across the secondarywinding 280 of a voltage step down transformer 281, whose primarywinding 282 is connected across the conductors 262 and 263 by theconductors 284, 285, 286 and 287, by a conductor 290, the contact 83 ofthe pressure switch 82, a conductor 281, the movable contact 139 of theswitch 138 when it is in closed position, conductors 292 and 293, amanually operable switch 294 which may be mounted on the housing 180,and the conductors 296, 297 and 298.

The motor 90 which drives the supercharge pump 50 is connectible acrossthe main conductors 261, 262 and 263 by the contacts 301 of a relay orcontactor 302 when its winding 303 is connected across the primarywinding 280. The contacts 301, when in their lower closed positions,connect the conductors 306, 307 and 308, which are connected to mainconductors 261, 262 and 263, to the conductors 309, 310 and 311,respectively, of the motor 90. The contactor winding 303 is connectibleacross the primary winding 280 of the transformer by the conductors 297,314, 315, 316, the contact 92 of the pressure switch 91, the conductors317, 292 and 293, the manual switch 294 when it is closed, and theconductor 296.

The three way switch 190 mounted on the base plate 200 has a movablecontact 321 which, when in its upper position is in engagement with itsstationary contact 322 and connects the solenoid winding 130 of thevalve 125 across the secondary winding 280 through the conductor 296,the switch 294, and the conductors 293, 292, 324, 325, 326, 314, and297. When the contact 321 is moved to a position where it engages itslower stationary contact 328, the other solenoid winding 131 of thevalve 125 is connected across the secondary winding 280 through theconductor 296, the switch 294, the conductors 293, 292, .329, 325, 326,314 and 297. It will be apparent that when the switch contact 321 is inits intermediate position illustrated in FIGURE 7, neither solenoidwinding 130 nor 131 is energized and that when the manual switch 294 isopen, neither the motors nor the solenoid windings of the valve 125 canbe energized.

In use, the apparatus is moved to a desired location where the edge E ofa work piece W is to be shaped to the configuration of the edge E of apattern or template P which may be held in predetermined desiredposition relative to the work piece by a suitable fixture or jig, notshown. Assuming now that the pressure in the accumulator and in the mainpump and hydraulic motor system is low and that the control lever 37 ofthe main pump is in the neutral position wherein the operator member 135holds the contact 139 of the switch 138 in open position, when the mainconductors 261, 262 and 263 are connected to a three electric currentsupplies circuit at such location by means of the plug 186 and cable185, no operation of the motors can take place until the manual switch294 is closed. When the manual switch 294 is closed, the contact 83 ofthe pressure switch 82 is open and the contact 92 of the pressure switch91 is closed since the pressure in the accumulator and at the outputconduit is below 250 pounds per square inch. The switch 294 is thenclosed and since the switch 92 is now in closed position, the contactorwinding 303 is energized, the contacts 301 are moved to their closedpositions, and the supercharge pump motor 90 is placed in operation andcontinues to operate until the contact 92 of the switch 91 moves to openposition when the pressure in the accumulator and also in the main pumpand hydraulic motor system has been raised to 400 pounds per squareinch. As the pressure in the main pump and hydraulic motor circuitsystem increases above 250 pounds per square inch, the movable contact83 of the switch 82 is moved to its closed position. The apparatus isthen in operative condition.

A suitable tool, such as the mill 28 is secured by the Jacobs chuck tothe drive shaft of the hydraulic motor and extends through a suitableadaptor which is secured to the plate 200. The sleeve 225 is thenrotated to position wherein its apertures 228 are out of alignment withthe apertures 223 of the tubular body 214 and the conduit 160 isconnected to a source of air under pressure. The operator then moves theplate 200 of the hand tool over the pattern P so that the guide surface211 of the adaptor engages the edge E of the template while holding thehand tool by the knob handles. The three way switch 190 is nowaccessible to the thumb of the operators right hand, and, to beginoperation of the hydraulic motor, the operator now moves the three wayswitch 190 to a position which causes one solenoid winding 130 of thevalve 125 to be energized. The valve 125 then causes air under pressureto be admitted to the cylinder 106 of the pneumatic ram 102 through itsfitting 117 while at the same time permits the escape of air from thecylinder through its fitting 118. The force of the air under pressuremoves the piston 116 slowly to the left. FIGURES 2 and 7, and theoperator member 137 on the piston rod moves out of engagement with theoperator arm 137 of the switch 138 and its cont-act 139 moves to itsclosed position. This causes the contactor winding 266 to be connectedacross the secondary winding 280 of the transformer 281 and its contacts268 move to their closed position causing the main pump motor 75 and thefan motor 46 to be placed in operation. The rate of delivery of thehydraulic fluid by the main pump will increase as the piston rod 101moves to the left and the control lever 137 pivots in a clockwisedirection further from its neutral position. The speed of rotation ofthe Jacobs chuck and the tool 38 increases in accordance with theincrease in rate of delivery of the hydraulic fluid by the main pump.When the desired speed of rotation of the tool 28 is attained, theoperator moves the three way switch back to the position illustrated inFIGURE 8, and at this time, since neither solenoid nor 131 is energized,the valve will cause air under pressure from the conduit to beintroduced into both ends of the cylinder 106 and the piston and pistonrod will then be held in this position and the motor will run at thispredetermined speed until the movable contact 321 of the three wayswitch is again operated. If it is desired to de crease the speed ofrotation of the hydraulic motor, the movable contact 321 of the threeway switch 190 is moved to its lowermost position wherein it engages thestationary contact 328 and the solenoid winding 131 is energized. Inthis case, when the solenoid winding 138 is energized, air underpressure is introduced by the valve into the cylinder through thefitting 118 while the air in the cylinder may escape therefrom at theopposite end of the solenoid through the fitting 117. As the piston andthe rod then move to the right, and the control lever 37 is pivoted in acounterclockwise position towards its neutral position, the rate ofdelivery of the hydraulic fluid by the main pump is decreased and thespeed of rotation of the hydraulic motor decreases accordingly.

When the proper speed of rotation of the tool is obtained the operatormoves the contact 321 to its neutral position wherein neither solenoidwinding 130 nor 131 s energized and then moves the tool into engagementwith the edge E of the work piece, the base plate 200 being supported onthe pattern and the guide surface 211 of the adaptor being held by theoperator in engagement with the edge E1 of the pattern. The operatorthen moves the hand tool along the pattern while holding the edge guidesurface 211 of the adaptor in engagement with the edge E until the edgeE of the work piece has the same configuration as the edge E1.

It will be apparent that the edge E will be spaced a predetermineddistance from the edge E of the work piece when the shaping of the workpiece is completed since the cutting surfaces of the tool 28 are spacedfrom the guide surface 211 of the adaptor. Appropriate adaptors fordifferent diameter tools 28 are provided to cause the guide surfaces ofsaid adaptors to be spaced at desired and preferably the same distancefrom the cutting edges of such different tools.

During the cutting or shaping of the work piece, air flowing into thechamber 230 flows downwardly through the tubular adaptor and past thetool to blow away the cuttings or chips from the work piece and also tocool the tool and the work piece.

Since the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor can not varyregardless of the load imposed on the work tool, a very smooth even cutis obtained since the tool can not chatter which could be the case withpneumatically driven motors or electric motors as the load thereofsuddenly increased.

Moreover, the speed of rotation of the tool 28, may be variedcontinuously between zero speed and a maximum speed so that the mosteflicient speed for a particular job determined by the characeristics ofthe work piece, the depth of cut, and other such factors, may be used.

When the shaping of the work piece is completed, the operator moves thethree way switch to the Position wherein its contact 321 engages itsstationary contact 328 and energizes the solenoid winding 131. Thepiston is then moved to the right, and the rate of delivery, of fluid bythe main pump decreases as the control lever 37 is pivoted in acounterclockwise direction. The speed of rotation of the hydraulic motoralso decreases until as the control lever 37 reaches its neutralposition and the delivery or circulation of the fluid by the main pumpis arrested, the operator member 135 on the piston rod engages theoperator member 137 of the switch 138 and its movable contact 139 ismoved to its open position causing de-energization of the contactwinding 266 and the movement of its contact 268 to their open positions.The fan and pump motors are then de-energized and remain inoperativeuntil the operator again moves the three way switch to the positionwherein its contact 321 engages the stationary contact 322.

It will be apparent that while a particular mill 28 has been illustratedand described as being used with the hand tool 25, any other suitablerotatable shaping or cutting tools such as drills, end mills and thelike may be used as required by the particular shaping or drillingoperation required on a particular work piece.

It will now be seen that a new and improved apparatus has beenillustrated and described which includes a hand tool 25 mountable on ahydraulic motor 24 whose speed varies in accordance with the rate ofdelivery thereto of hydraulic fluid by a variable volume pump and thecontrol means for the pump, such as the three way switch 190, is mountedon the hand tool for easy access by the operator.

It will further be seen that the control means of the variable volumepump such as the control lever 37, and the rotatable shaft of the pumpto which it is connected, is movable between a neutral position whereinthe rate of delivery of hydraulic fluid is zero and a position where therate is at a maximum by a reciprocable means, such as the piston andpiston rod of a pneumatic ram, that such control means is heldpositionable in any one of an indefinite number of positions within acontinuous range of stroke of the reciprocable means so that the rate ofdelivery of the hydraulic fluid by the pump may be varied continuouslywithin a predetermined range between zero and a maximum rate, and thatthe rate of delivery may be set at a desired value within such range bythe operator while he is holding the hand tool.

It will also be seen that the base plate of the hand tool may slide overa pattern or template and thus help steady and guide the tool 28 so thata smooth out or surface of the worked or shaped edge E of the work piecemay be obtained.

It will also be seen that the hand tool may be used with patterns ofdifferent configurations for such operations as drilling bores inaircraft structural elements to decrease the weight thereof and tohoneycomb such elements.

Referring now particularly to FIGURE of the drawings, the hand tool 400embodying the invention is also mountable on the hydraulic motor 24 andincludes a tubular body 401 whose upper reduced end portion is dividedinto a plurality of resilient collet fingers 402 by a plurality ofupwardly opening slots 403. The collet fingers are movable into grippingengagement with the housing of the hydraulic motor 24 by a split clampring 405 whose opposite adjacent ends are securable to one another by abolt 406. It will be apparent that the tubular body 401 is thus securedto the hydraulic motor in the same manner as the tubular body 214 of thehand tool 25.

A guide body 408 has its reduced threaded upper end portion 409 threadedin the lower end portion of the tubular body and is held in anytelescopically adjusted position relative to the tubular body by a lockring 410 also threaded on the upper end portion of the guide body.

The bore of the guide body is reduced, as at 412, to receive a bearingassembly 414 secured in the guide body by means of a split snap or lockring 415 whose outer portions are received in a suitable internalannular recess of the guide body and whose inner portions abut the topsurface of the outer race 416 of the bearing assembly. Downward movementof the bearing assembly in the guide body is limited by the upwardlyfacing annular shoulder 418 defining the lower end of the anular recess.The bearing assembly includes the usual inner race 419 and ball bearings420. The bearing assembly is provided to engage the shank of a suitablecutting or drilling tool such as the mill 28 above its cutting edges tohelp hold such tool properly aligned.

A tubular adapter 422 is threaded in the lower end portion 423 of theguide body and has a bottom external flange 424 which provides anannular guide surface 425. The guide surface 425 may of course be usedin the same manner as the guide surface 211 of the adaptor 206 of thehand tool 25.

The cutting or shaping tool is secured to the drive shaft S of thehydraulic motor 24 by a collet assembly 430 which includes a tubularconnector 431 into the reduced end portion of whose bore is telescopedthe drive shaft. The connector is rigidly secured to the drive shaftagainst rotation by a key 434 which is disposed in the aligned slots 435and 436 of the connector and the drive shaft, respectively, and which isheld against displacement therefrom by a set screw 437 threaded in asuitable lateral bore of the connector. A second set screw 438 extendsthrough a second lateral bore of the connector and has its inner endengaging a flat surface 439 of the drive shaft to prevent verticaldisplacement of the connector on the drive shaft.

The upper threaded end portion 440 of a collet 441 is threaded in thethreaded portion 442 of the bore of the connector. The collet extendsdownwardly of the lower end of the connector and has a plurality ofresilient collet fingers 445 which are provided adjacent their bottomends with external bosses 446 whose outer cam surfaces extend downwardlyand outwardly and are engageable by the internal cam surface 448 of acollet nut 449 whose upper end portion is threaded on the reduced lowerend portion 451 of the connector.

It will be apparent that as collet nut 449 is rotated in a direction tocause it to move downwardly on the connector it also moves downwardlyrelatively to the collet and the engagement of its cam surface 48 withthe external surfaces of the collet finger bosses will tend to move thelower ends of the collet fingers inwardly into gripping engagement withthe shank of a tool, such as the mill 28, disposed in the central bore456 of the collet.

The connector also has a plurality of external bores or recesses 458 inwhich is receivable the inner end of a rod 459. The rod 460 is biasedtowards its outer position illustrated in FIGURE 10 by a spring 460whose outer end bears against the snap ring 462 whose inner portionsextend into a suitable annular external recess of the rod and whoseinner end portion bears against an internal flange 463 of the tubularbody. Outward movement of the push rod is limited by the engagement ofits external flange 464 with the flange 463 of the tubular body.

The push rod is used during the insertion or removal of a cutting toolthrough the collet. When it is desired to insert a tool into the collet,the guide body 408 is removed from the tubular body 401 by unlooseningthe lock nut 410 and then rotating the guide body relative to the body401. The connector can then be held against rotation by pushing inwardlyon the push rod 459 to cause its inner end to enter one of the bores ofthe connector and the lower ends of the collet fingers may then bereleased by screwing the collet nut upwardly on the connector. The shankof the tool is then inserted in the collet and the collet nut is rotatedand moved downwardly on the connector to cause the collet fingers to bemoved inwardly and grip the shank of such tool. The guide body 408 isthen threaded into the lower end of the tubular body 401 to a positionwherein a predetermined length of such cutting tool extends below thebottom surface of the adaptor 422 and is then locked in this position bymeans of the lock nut 410. It will be apparent that the depth of the cutmade by the tool is determined by the position to which the guide body408 is threaded in the body 401. If desired the guide surface 424 of theadaptor may be used in conjunction with a template or pattern in thesame manner as the adaptor of the hand tool 25.

The three-way switch 190 which controls operation of the double solenoidvalve 125 is mounted directly on the tubular body so that the operatorcan control the speed of rotation of the drive shaft S of the hydraulicmotor as described above in connection with the hand tool 25.

It will be apparent that the hand tool 400 may be used in the samemanner as the hand tool 25 in conjunction with templates or patterns tocut or shape a Work piece in accordance with the configurationpredetermined by the configuration of such pattern and that .the depthof the cut can be easily adjusted by adjusting the position of the guidebody on the tubular body 401 so that the maximum depth of the cut whicha tool secured to the collet can make will be predetermined by thelength of the portion of such tool which extends below the bottomsurface of the adaptor 422.

It will further be seen that the provision of the bearmg assembly whichengages the stem or shank of such tool above its cutting edges helpshold such cutting tool against displacement or flexing and thus providesfor greater 'accuracy of operation of the hand tool.

The foregoing description of the invention is explanatory only, andchanges in the details of the construction illustrated may be made bythose skilled in the art, within the scope of the appended claims,without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. An apparatus including: a hydraulic motor; a variable volumehydraulic pump; means including flexible conduit means connecting saidmotor to said pump in a closed hydraulic system for causing hydraulicfluid pumped by said pump to flow to said motor and then back from saidmotor to said pump, said flexible conduit means permitting movement ofsaid motor relative to said pump, the speed of rotation of said motorvarying in accordance with the rate of delivery of hydraulic fluid bysaid pump; a hand tool mountable on said hydraulic motor and including aplate having an aperture therein; means for securing a cutting tool tosaid motor for rotation thereby, said tool extending through saidaperture of said plate; control means for varying the rate of deliveryof hydraulic fluid by said pump; and switch means mounted on said plateof said hand tool for controlling said control means of said pump.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control means for said pumpincludes a reciprocable member and means controlled by said switch meansfor moving said reciprocable member to move said control means of saidpump.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein said hand tool has an adaptermounted in said aperture of said base plate, said adapter having a guidesurface extending perpendicularly below said plate and engageable with aguide means for guiding movement of said hand tool.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein said hand tool' includes a tubularmember into whose upper end portion said motor is telescopical; andmeans for securing the upper end portion of said tubular member to saidmotor, said plate being securable to the lower end of said tubularmember and disposed about said aperture, said tubular member beingdisposed about said aperture when secured to said plate.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein said hand tool includes a sleeverotatably disposed about said tubular member, said tubular member andsaid sleeve having apertures alignable when said sleeve is rotated to apredetermined position relative to said tubular member to provide accessto the interior of said tubular member.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein said tubular member has means forintroducing fluid into said tubular member for flow downwardly throughsaid adaptor and past a tool secured to the motor when said sleeve isrotated in position wherein said apertures of said tubular member andsaid sleeve are not aligned.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control means includes a ramhaving a cylinder and a piston reciprocably movable in said cylinder,said pump having a control member; means connecting said piston to saidcontrol member for moving said control member between a neutral positionwherein said pump does not circulate fluid in said hydraulic system andoperative positions wherein said pump circulates fluid through saidhydraulic system, the rate of circulation of the hydraulic fluid by saidpump varying in accordance with the degree of displacement of saidcontrol member from said neutral position; and valve means forconnecting opposite ends of said cylinder on opposite sides of saidpiston selectively to a source of fluid under pressure and to theatmosphere, whereby when fluid under pressure is introduced to one endof said cylinder and vented to the atmosphere from the other end of saidcylinder said piston moves said control member away from said neutralposition and when fluid pressure is introduced into said other end ofsaid cylinder and exhausted to the atmosphere from said one end of saidcylinder said piston moves said control member toward said operativeposition.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein said valve means includes a pair ofelectrically energizable means; said valve means connecting said one endof said supply cylinder to a source of fluid under pressure and theother end of said cylinder to the atmosphere when one of saidelectrically energizable means is energized and connecting said other ofsaid ends of said cylinder to the source of fluid under pressure andsaid one of said end of said cylinder to the atmosphere when the otherof said electrically energizable means is energized.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein said valve means connects both endsof said cylinder to said source of fluid under pressure when neither ofsaid electrically energizable means is energized.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein said switch means are movablebetween opposite operative positions to selectively connect saidelectrically energizable means across an input circuit of electriccurrent.

11. The apparatus of claim 10, said switch means being movable to aninoperative position to prevent energization of either of saidelectrically energizable means of said valve means.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, and electrically energizable drive meansfor driving said pump, second switch means for controlling connection ofsaid drive means toward an electric input circuit means operativelyassociated with said control member for causing said second switch meansto prevent energization of said drive means when said control member isin said neutral position.

13. A hand tool connectable to a hydraulic motor and including a tubularmember into whose upper end portion is telescopical a hydraulic motor;means for rigidly securing said tubular member to a hydraulic motor; abase plate secured to the lower end of said tubular member, said baseplate having an aperture opening to the lower end of said tubular memberthrough which a cutting tool securable to a drive shaft of the motor mayextend downwardly of the bottom surface of said base plate; and atubular adaptor secured to said base plate and extending about saidaperture, said adaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularlydownwardly of said bottom surface of said base plate for engaging aguide surface to guide movement of said hand tool, and said upper endportion of said tubular member comprising a plurality of resilientcollet portions and said means for securing said tubular member to ahydraulic motor includes a clamp ring and means for causing said clampring to resiliently move said collet portions of said tubular memberinwardly into clamping engagement With said hydraulic motor.

14. The hand tool of claim 13 wherein said tubular member has a lateralaperture, and a sleeve rotatably disposed about said tubular member andhaving an aperture alignable with the aperture of said tubular memberwhen said sleeve is rotated to a predetermined position relative to saidtubular member to provide access to the interior of said tubular member.

15. The hand tool of claim 14, wherein said tubular member is providedwith means for introducing fluid under pressure into said tubular memberfor flow downwardly through said adaptor and past a tool secured to thedrive shaft of the hydraulic motor.

16. The hand tool of claim 14, wherein said base plate is provided witha handle means extending upwardly therefrom and switch means adjacentsaid handle means for controlling operation of the hydraulic motor.

17. A hand tool connectable to a drive motor, said hand tool including:a first tubular member into whose upper end portion is telescopical amotor; means for rigidly securing said first member to a motor; a secondtubular member secured to the lower end of said first member, saidmembers being longitudinally aligned whereby cutting tool securable to adrive shaft of the motor may extend downwardly of the bottom end of saidsecond member; and a tubular adaptor secured to said second member, saidadaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularly downwardly ofthe bottom surface of said second member, the upper end portion of saidfirst member comprising a plurality of resilient collet portions andsaid means for securing said first member to a motor includes a clampring, and means for causing said clamp ring to resiliently move saidcollet portions of said first member inwardly into clamping engagementwith a motor.

18. The hand tool of claim 17, wherein said second member has bearingmeans above said adaptor for engaging a shank of a cutting tool to holdit against lateral displacement.

19. The hand tool of claim 18, and a collet assembly for releasablysecuring the shank of a cutting tool to said drive shaft, said colletassembly including a tubular connector rigidly securable to the driveshaft of a motor; a collet rigidly secured to said connector andextending downwardly thereof, said collet having a downwardly openingbore for receiving the shank of a cutting tool; and a collet nutthreaded on said connector member, said collet and said collet nuthaving co-engageable means for causing said collet to rigidly hold ashank of a cutting tool in the bore thereof upon longitudinal movementof said nut relative to said connector.

20. The hand tool of claim 19, wherein said second member islongitudinally adjustable relative to said first member; and means forlocking said first member in telescopically adjusted position relativeto said first member.

21. The hand tool of claim 18, wherein said second member islongitudinally adjustable relative to said first member; and means forlocking said first member in telescopically adjusted position relativeto said first member.

22. A hand tool connectable to a drive motor, said hand tool including:a first tubular member into whose upper end portion is telescopical amotor; means for rigidly securing said first member to a motor; a secondtubular member secured to the lower end of said first member, saidmembers being longitudinally aligned whereby cutting tool securable to adrive shaft of the motor may extend downwardly of the bottom end of saidsecond member; and a tubular adaptor secured to said second member, saidadaptor having a guide surface extending perpendicularly downwardly ofthe bottom surface of said second member, said second member havingbearing means above said adaptor for engaging a shank of a cutting toolto hold it against lateral displacement.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,514,894 11/1924 Carter 144134.51,745,780 2/1930 Casey 144-1345 1,899,883 2/1933 Sacrey 144136.33,034,549 5/1962 Quackenbush 144136.3 3,163,084 12/1964 Hobart 144-1363,332,462 7/1967 Williams 144-136.3

GERALD A. DOST, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.

